Openings and penetrations

(1) All opening and penetrations in watertight or weathertight structures shall be fitted with efficient means of closure that are of equivalent strength to the structure in which they are located and such that they will maintain its watertight integrity. (2) Through-hull penetrations shall be kept to a minimum consistent with the operational needs of the ship and where fitted, means shall be provided for positively shutting off these (3) Pipe connections that penetrate the main hull shall be fitted with watertight valves or cocks that are readily accessible and easily operable in an emergency. These fittings shall be connected direct to the main hull or to a short stub pipe or box that is efficiently attached to the hull. Merchant Ships (Registration) 138 (4) Access opening in a weathertight superstructure, deckhouses or deck shall be fitted with weathertight doors or hatches that are open outward and that are generally hinged on the forward or outboard sides. (5) Windows, portlights and skylights shall be fitted with shatter proof safety glass of adequate strength. On existing ships, the glass fitted may be accepted by the Administration where it is satisfied with its conditions and installation. Fixtures through which down flooding into the main hull can occur shall be provided with weathertight covers. Such covers shall preferably be permanently attached but where this is not practical, they shall be provided with means of securing that can be quickly effected in adverse weather conditions. (6) Air pipes and ventilators through which down flooding into the main hull can occur shall be fitted with permanently attached weathertight means of closure. (7) Pipes that penetrate watertight bulkheads shall have watertight valves of adequate construction located on the bulkhead. Such valves shall be remote controlled from above the main deck or shall be fitted each side and readily accessible in an emergency situation. (8) Electric cables, steering cables or similar systems that penetrate watertight or weathertight structures shall be fitted with equivalent weathertight or watertight glands, and where located below the watertight deck shall be as high as possible above the waterline. (9) The arrangements specified in subregulation (1) to subregulation (8) shall be complied with to the satisfaction of the Administration.